昨天,Palo Alto发了一篇关于通过开源程序XMRig进行挖矿的行为报告,最近我们也在处理相关的事件,本文会结合我们处理的一些问题对Palo Alto的报告进行一个简单的翻译,文末有一大波IOC信息。
January 24, 2018,Palo Alto发了一篇关于通过开源程序XMRig进行挖矿的行为报告,最近我们也在处理相关的事件,本文会结合我们处理的一些问题对Palo Alto的报告进行一个简单的翻译。
0x00 概要 根据Palo Alto的数据,此次事件的受害者有1500万人,主要分布在东南亚,北非和南美洲。实际受害者可能更多,大概再3000万左右。
攻击者大量使用VBS文件,并使用各种在线URL缩短服务来安装和运行XMRig payload。另外,攻击者在他们所连接的主机上利用XMRig代理服务来掩盖使用的钱包。
0x01 传播 目前为止,在这个Monero加密货币挖掘活动中观察到超过250个独特的Microsoft Windows PE文件。
其中一半以上的样本是从4sync 在线云存储提供商处下载的。不幸的是,还不知道是什么启动了恶意软件样本的这些下载。
但是,当我们查看原始文件名时,可以得到一些线索。下面是观察到的原始文件名前缀的百分比:
正如我们所看到的,攻击者希望使这些文件看起来既具有通用名称,也似乎来源于流行的文件共享服务。文件名还以其他方式提供线索,就像“[File4org]”这个前缀对于此特定恶意软件活动是唯一的。
Adf.ly 是一个网址缩短服务。根据下面报告,很多Adfly URLs是恶意链接,用户点击短链接,下载cryptocurrency恶意软件到他们的电脑上。
Figure 1 Reddit user complaining that they downloaded the cryptocurrency malware due to a malicious Adfly advertisement
Figure 2 YouTube user explaining how they downloaded and ran the cryptocurrency malware
Figure 3 User explaining that they downloaded the cryptocurrency malware when attempting to download a counter-strike: Go cheat using an Adfly URL. Translated from gutefrage.com, a German question/answer website.
值得注意的是,图2中,受害者点击Adfly广告链接,认为是视频中提到的文件的下载。然而,下载了有问题的文件,重定向到Monero挖掘恶意软件。
0x02 恶意软件分析 这个Monero挖矿恶意软件有很多特征:
通过VBS文件执行XMRig挖矿软件
使用XMRig代理服务来隐藏矿池目标
使用Nicehash
NiceHash 是现今世界上最大的加密货币算力市场, 随时可为算力买家提供超过20种不同的算法的算力.
在过去的4-5个月里,Unit 42(Palo Alto Networks)观察到了这些攻击者如何部署他们的恶意软件的变化。
截至2017年10月20日,此活动背后的攻击者严重依赖Windows内置的BITSAdmin .aspx)工具。这个工具允许攻击者远程下载脚本和XMRig挖矿工具。恶意样本的典型工作流程如下:
Figure 4 Execution workflow for the oldest malware encountered in this campaign
删除VBS和LNK文件的初始样本是一个自解压缩可执行文件(SFX)。这些可执行文件在俄文语言的提取脚本中包含标准注释。用于下载附加示例的VBS文件很简洁,如下所示:
Figure 5 Example VBS file observed in the oldest malware encountered in campaign
最终的payload主要是安装”msvc.exe”。有一些是包括”winmsvc.exe”或者”onedrive.exe”.这些payload被丢弃在受害者的%APPDATA%文件夹中的一个子目录中。最常见的子文件夹名是”msvc“。
第一批样本在2017年10月20日之前被发现,他们通过80, 443, 8443, 8080, 1725, 或者123端口连接到相同的XMRig代理服务:
2017年10月20日之后,攻击者开始尝试修改恶意软件的运行方式。他们不再使用BITSAdmin服务下载,并开始尝试使用HTTP重定向服务。在此期间,他们继续使用SFX文件下载和部署恶意软件。
Figure 6 Execution workflow for the second phase of malware encountered in this campaign
从这批恶意软件样本开始,攻击者开始用一个用户名补充他们的挖掘查询,可能会区分特定的分布式攻击波。下面是一个矿工如何运行的例子:
“C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\mnxz\msvc.exe” -o 144.76.201[.]175:8080 -u x3 –nicehash –max-cpu-usage=20 –keepalive
这些用户名在整个挖矿活动的其余部分都会继续存在,截至撰写本文时仍在使用。观察用户名的完整列表如下:
x3x2
x3
x2
x7x2
x7x3
x
x6
x7
x4
x5
在这段时间内,攻击者为了逃避检测也开始在VBS文件中进行混淆尝试,如下所示:
Figure 7 Obfuscated VBS file used by attackers
攻击者选择的重定向服务通常包含以下内容之一:
clicklinkredirect[.]com
clck[.]gg
99lnk[.]com
1395867912[.]pw
browge[.]com
lnkredirect[.]com
应该注意的是,上面列出的所有域名都托管在德国的一个IP地址144.76.155 [.] 139上。虽然bitly多数情况下的用途是合法的,但是144.76.155[.]139这个IP托管的重定向服务专门用于和加密货币挖掘活动相关的恶意目的。与所遇到的原始恶意软件样本一样,攻击者通常使用名为’msvc.exe’程序来投放payload。有时候也以“ErrorCheck.exe”和“CleanError.exe”命名。样本的子文件夹主要是“msvc”,”mnxz”,”mnaxz”.
在此期间,下列XMRig代理已被恶意软件用于连接:
5.101.122[.]228
144.76.201[.]175
b.pool[.]gq
f.pooling[.]cf
从2017年11月16日开始,攻击者再次改变了他们的恶意软件的策略。他们不再使用SFX文件,而是转换为使用在Microsoft .NET Framework中编译的可执行文件,该文件将VBS文件写入磁盘并修改受害者的运行注册表项以确保持久性。
Figure 8 .NET dropper file used by the attackers writing the VBS file to disk
这个恶意软件通常以“msvc.exe“或者”mingc.exe“传播。此外,在这些样本中都有唯一的PDB字符串,这些样本始终对编译它的用户使用相同的用户名。
在所有观察样本中发现了以下PDB字符串:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
C:\Users\роаипроаип\Desktop\MingC_Installer\MingC4\WindowsFormsApplication1\obj\x86\Debug\WindowsApplication.pdb
C:\Users\роаипроаип\documents\visual studio 2015\Projects\WindowsFormsApplication1\WindowsFormsApplication1\obj\Debug\Inst.pdb
C:\Users\роаипроаип\documents\visual studio 2015\Projects\WindowsFormsApplication2\WindowsFormsApplication2\obj\Debug\WindowsFormsApplication2.pdb
C:\Users\роаипроаип\Desktop\MingC_Installer\MingC4\WindowsFormsApplication1\obj\Release\[File4org]_421058.pdb
C:\Users\роаипроаип\Desktop\MingC3\WindowsFormsApplication1\obj\Debug\[File4org]_421058.pdb
C:\Users\роаипроаип\Desktop\WindowsFormsApplication1\WindowsFormsApplication1\obj\Debug\Oal.pdb
C:\Users\Роман\Desktop\MingC2\WindowsFormsApplication1\obj\Release\[File4org]_421058.pdb
C:\Users\роаипроаип\Desktop\MineCor\WindowsFormsApplication1\obj\Debug\[Dropmefiles]_421057.pdb
C:\Users\роаипроаип\documents\visual studio 2015\Projects\WindowsFormsApplication1\WindowsFormsApplication1\obj\Debug\65453.pdb
C:\Users\роаипроаип\Desktop\MineCor\WindowsFormsApplication1\obj\Debug\[File4org]_421057.pdb
读者会注意到大量存在用户名’роаипроаип’,这个用户名粗略地从俄语翻译成毫无意义的’roaiproaip’。此外,还有一个观察到的“Роман”实例,大致从俄文翻译成英文单词“Novel”。
我们所看到的最后一个变化发生在2017年12月下旬,当时攻击者再次改变了用于部署恶意软件的dropper。
丢弃.NET,他们用Borland Delphi编译的dropper来创建必要的VBS文件。与.NET droppers不同的是,这个特定的dropper将VBS文件放在受害者的启动文件夹中以获得持久性。否则,执行流程保持不变。
Figure 9 Latest malware dropping the VBS file
值得注意的是,使用这个dropper观察到的最新样本已经使用了以下新的IP地址用于XMRig通信:
0x03 影响范围 正如之前解释过的,在十月下旬和十二月下旬之间,攻击者严重依赖这个恶意的URL缩短服务来下载并随后执行XMRig Monero挖掘过程。所有恶意的重定向的完整列表在附录中。Bitly提供了围绕特定缩短网址的通用统计数据,这使得我们能够深入了解有多少受害者实际下载了这些样本。总的来说,我们观察到大约有一千五百万的受害者连接到这些URLs。
Figure 10 Malicious bitly downloads over time
虽然大多数国家都受影响,但似乎东南亚,北非和南美国家受到的冲击最大。
Figure 11 Malicious bitly downloads by country
最常见的国家及其下载量如下:
Thailand – 3,545,437
Vietnam – 1,830,065
Egypt – 1,132,863
Indonesia – 988,163
Turkey – 665,058
Peru – 646,985
Algeria – 614,870
Brazil – 550,053
Philippines – 406,294
Venezuela – 400,661
正如我们以前所说的,只有一部分样本使用了URL缩短服务。事实上,250个样本只有大约100个使用了它。这使我们相信,受害者的数量远远大于我们观察到的数量1500万。
0x04 结论 通过恶意广告针对随机用户,对恶意软件文件使用看似无害的名称,同时使用内置的Windows实用程序和脚本文件,攻击者可以大规模感染受害者系统。
正如我们所看到的,随着时间的推移,攻击者对其恶意软件工具集进行了迭代更新,每个月都在改变他们的策略。根据SFX和.NET droppers提供的线索,有一些边缘证据表明,袭击者可能位于东欧。迄今为止,已经有至少1500万受害者。这些受害者遍布全球,但最重的目标地区包括东南亚,北非和南美洲。
Palo Alto Networks的客户可以通过以下几种方式防范这种威胁:
恶意软件使用的所有URL都被标记为恶意软件
所有观察到的样本在WildFire中被分类为恶意 陷阱可以通过WildFire集成来阻止这种威胁
附录 XMRig Proxy Connections
5.101.122[.]228:8080
5.23.48[.]207:7777
144.76.201[.]175:80
144.76.201[.]175:8080
f.pooling[.]cf:80
b.pool[.]gq:80
a.pool[.]ml:8080
a.pool[.]ml:123
a.pool[.]ml:443
a.pool[.]ml:8443
a.pool[.]ml:80
a.pool[.]ml:1725
Malicious Bitly Redirects
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2j3Yk8p
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2hxuusK
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2C7caP6
hxxp://bit[.]ly/HSGADGFDS
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2yV0JNa
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2Algzhc
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2zA08wz
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2hcsSUN
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2hr6KGb
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2xOVfPH
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2BoFNMr
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2xlWVQl
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2kEApR6
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2AkVK8t
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2yyUhLX
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2AkyUvs
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2zXRI6r
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2jjXmbJ
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2hzW6Rb
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2mkHzdP
hxxp://bit[.]ly/FSJKHJK
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2gB0ZW0
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2ixSCPu
hxxp://bit[.]ly/FSFSAASA
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2A5rxKB
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2xbUmjC
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2EHv415
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2Aq3gja
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2Bhr1tv
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2ynGl7o
hxxp://bit[.]ly/SOURCETXT
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2zGXAQx
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2hEhF3i
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2y3iGnG
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2ic2mvM
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2itoMrG
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2yvqOSU
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2zCj1n2
hxxp://bit[.]ly/2jEqYks
SHA256 Hashes
9854509ff8fab00e37fe07260a467b9520f3c0c6a0051b34a928258717e65b38
27bd82de7b2532a954fdcd12ecd791be8bbdb402466902865e257e537bc3268a
211ece6a0cc084f1253abe5d74e8d5faef5b7a9d2acafcaa5bbc53fe7d6f815c
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378d5d5bdf1cc7b91c59c1a839b57d5b2468097cf45ff078391bf3f1d95e6197
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1c4e7388809d71a7fc021c55532a30949031474f4f3b147b0c468a1b27c9ff74
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65c7ef9acd5382b2f29d08593bfb84b2e774d9290afae1591b1d1c81b6b9dea2
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198cd118351f15d24b584e7b91bed2f23af210c54df65859d29814899e64e87f
4ad4f390d252b9dc636fb2d423d15d4f4a89d4a2ffbaf2c0ab4667640fae61b1
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534b54cea7b3c337f40ac5b0cf29cd4a0d9fd66369773f670a8192f85b008f2f
483960f8f44f2f2d1467d3c7621063664e5f3ad43716db55d69f5c60bcda6b3c
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96a62130df62ccb19a1a31264fdf379431e98859de63f5bf01773d51774ab275**
f0f88095dc0e9a4b848f44e866937e70552a195804b867682453bc38abfb0359
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2da27931fabf48bd3661bad99289d7f218aa758f581bbc213235915809c6c79f
1b2ffb7f06d04f5417d272ca55627e4000dfa4371234856100023016bfa2fbde
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90fdf62ed73ba9e264be72804d7c4325219eb8576f552b283d2c2f88d39994c3
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1eafcb280df27d39c19b325366804c602a8f70f655d9fda227b5ff69768f30cc
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1d1e2c6acedb17730f104fc1c1a1154ef312a99ed1dab65bb33aaf587e9ca3b7
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126b36eb3aab62a03671fe5364cfb7c4b290e77d189fb4c86a37a570977375b7
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翻译自:https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-large-scale-monero-cryptocurrency-mining-operation-using-xmrig/